Abbreviations

AD: axial diffusivity
BBB: blood-brain barrier
BSCB: blood-spinal cord barrier
CNS: central nervous system
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
DIS: dissemination in space
DIT: dissemination in time
DMT: disease-modifying treatment
DTI: diffusion-tensor imaging
EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
FA: fractional anisotropy
Gd: Gadolinium
GM: grey matter
IFN: interferon
Ig: immunoglobulin
IL: interleukin
MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
MRS: magnetic resonance spectroscopy
NAA: N-acetyl aspartate
MWI: myelin water imaging
MPRAGE: magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo
MS: multiple sclerosis
MTR: magnetization transfer ratio
NEDA: no evidence of disease activity
NAWM: normal-appearing white matter
NAGM: normal-appearing grey matter
NASC: normal-appearing spinal cord
NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
PD: proton-density
PET: positron emission tomography
PIRA: progression independent of relapse activity
PIRMA: progression independent of relapse activity and MRI activity
PML: progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy
PRL: paramagnetic rim lesion
PPMS: primary progressive multiple sclerosis
RRMS: relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
SEL: slowly expanding lesions
SPMS: secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
STIR: short-tau inversion recovery
TNF: tumor necrosis factor
RD: radial diffusivity
WM: white matter