Spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis
Abbreviations
1
Introduction
1.1
Pathophysiology
1.2
Diagnosis
1.2.1
MRI
1.2.2
Biomarkers in diagnosis
1.2.3
Evoked potentials
1.3
Treatment and follow-up
1.3.1
Follow-up
1.3.2
Spinal cord disease monitoring
1.3.3
Other markers in disease monitoring
1.4
This thesis
Aim of this thesis
Outline of this thesis
Supplements
S1 Short overview of frequently used MRI sequences in MS
2
Hallmarks of spinal cord pathology
Abstract
2.1
Introduction
2.2
Determinants of regional differences
Anatomical
Blood spinal cord barrier
Immunological
Remyelination and repair
2.3
Spinal cord pathology in MS
Demyelination
Inflammation
Axonal loss
2.4
Treatment & spinal cord pathology
2.5
Conclusion
3
Ultra-high field spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis: Where are we standing? A literature review.
Abstract
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Benefits and challenges
Magnetic field inhomogeneities
Physiological noise
Sequence design and power deposition
Contrast enhancement
Side effects
3.3
Literature overview
3.4
Summary and future perspectives
4
Effect of disease-modifying treatment on spinal cord lesion formation in MS: A retrospective observational study
Abstract
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Methods
4.2.1
Study population
4.2.2
Treatment definitions
4.2.3
Outcome
4.2.4
Statistical analysis
4.3
Results
4.4
Discussion
4.4.1
Limitations and strengths
4.4.2
Conclusion
Supplements
Supplement 1
Supplement 2
Supplement 3
Supplement 4
Supplement 5
4.4.3
Supplement 6
Supplement 7
5
Effectiveness of disease-modifying treatment on spinal cord lesion formation in relapse-onset MS. An MSBase registry study
Abstract
5.1
Introduction
5.2
Methods
5.2.1
Study population
5.2.2
Outcome
5.2.3
Statistical analysis
5.3
Results
5.4
Discussion
5.4.1
Limitations & strengths
5.5
Conclusion
Supplements
S1 - Data quality procedure
S2 - Propensity score matching
S3 - Country of treatment of matched patients
S4 - Patient characteristics and treatments for sensitivity analysis (broad caliper, 80% cutoff)
S5 - Treatment bars all DMTs
6
Spinal cord lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Prognostic value of intrathecal production of immunoglobulins
Abstract
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Methods
6.2.1
CSF analysis
6.2.2
Statistical analysis
6.2.3
Data availability
6.3
Results
6.3.1
Baseline analysis
6.3.2
Longitudinal analysis
6.4
Discussion
6.4.1
Limitations
6.4.2
Conclusion
7
Prospective longitudinal study of spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis: MRI monitoring and prognostic factors. A study protocol
Abstract
7.1
Introduction
7.1.1
Background and rationale
7.1.2
Spinal cord-disease prone subgroups
7.2
Methods
7.2.1
Aim of the trial
7.2.2
Study description and study design
7.2.3
Outcomes measures
7.2.4
Statistics
7.3
Perspectives
8
Discussion
8.1
How is MS pathology in the spinal cord different to the brain?
8.2
What tools can aid us in further exploring these differences?
8.3
Are there regional differences in treatment effect within the CNS in MS?
8.4
How can we best follow-up the spinal cord in MS patients?
8.5
What are future directions regarding spinal cord disease in MS?
8.5.1
Pathophysiological differences between brain and cord involvement in MS
8.5.2
Spinal cord follow-up imaging
8.5.3
Effect of DMTs on spinal cord lesion formation
8.6
Summary
9
Impact paragraph
9.1
How will the findings impact future research?
9.2
What potential influence might the findings have on future clinical practice?
9.3
In what way is the target audience involved in and informed of the results of this research?
10
Nederlandse samenvatting
11
Acknowledgements / dankwoord
12
Publications
13
Curriculum vitae
14
References
Spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis
Chapter 11
Acknowledgements / dankwoord